2023-07-27
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形容词的比较级和最高级 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级英语中大多数形容词是可以分级的,一般有三个等级:原级,比较级和最高级。一、原级:形容词的本来形式就是形容词的原级。用原级进行比较时可以使用下面结构:1. 表示比较的双方程度相等,用”as…as”结构,表示“前者像后者一样”,即A + be + as + 形容词原级 + as + B.e.g. John is as tall as his brother. He is as careful as I(me).注意:当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。(1)as +形容词+ a +单数名词This is as good an example as the other is.(2)as + many/much +名词I can carry as much paper as you can.2. 表示比较的双方不相等,一方不如另一方,用”not as/so…as”结构,表示“前者不如后者”,即A + be + not as/so + 形容词原级 + as + B.e.g. John is not as tall as his brother.Sue is not as/so tall as Jim.3. 表示一方是另一方的几倍,用“twice/three times(表示倍数的词)+as+形容词原级+as”结构。This room is twice as big as that one.注意:表示一方相当于另一方的几分之几或百分之几,句型相似。This line is one third as long as that one.We have made 70% as many TV sets in the past six months as we did last year.二、比较级:1.把一个人或物同另外一个人或物比较时,一方程度超过另一方,就需要用到形容词比较级。其结构是:A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B.e.g. Jackie is taller than Alex, but Alex is heavier than Jackie.2.表示“……是两者中较、更……的一个”,比较级前用冠词thee.g. He is the taller of the two boys.3.表示“越来越……”,用“比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more+原级”结构。e.g. The weather is getting warmer and warmer.Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.4.用比较级代替最高级,用“比较级+than+any other+可数名词单数”或“比较级+than+the other+可数名词复数”句型e.g. He is taller than any other boy.He is taller than the other boys.5.表示“一方是另一方的几倍”,用“twice/three times/etc.+比较级+than”句型e.g. John can read twice faster than I (me).=john can read twice as fast as I (me).三、最高级:1、三者或者三者以上的人或物进行比较时,需要使用形容词的最高级。其结构是:A + be + the 形容词最高级 + of / in + 比较范围. (Note: 形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the)e.g. Jackie is the tallest in our class. (主语和比较范围不是同一属性)Jackie is the tallest of all the students. (主语和比较范围是同一属性)2、“(a)most+原级+(名词)”表示“(一个)非常……的(……)”e.g. This is a most interesting story.He was a most thankful to us.3、表示“其中最……的一个”,用“one of +最高级+名词复数”e.g. China is one of the most oldest countries in the world.四、形容词、副词比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化规则变化(1)一般情况下,单音节或双音节的形容词(或副词)比较级+er , 最高级+est clever-cleverer-cleverest; few-fewer-fewest ;small-smaller-smallest等(2)以e结尾的词,比较级+r,最高级+st即可nice-nicer-nicest;cute-cuter-cutest;large-larger-largest(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i+er或esteasy-easier-easiest;happy-happier-happiest再如:early , busy , heavy , dirty , lazy . 也如此(4) 以后缀ly结尾的方式副词在前面加more构成比较级,加most构成最高级quickly---more quickly----most quickly(5)双写最后一个辅音字母+er或est的词同学要用心去记。fat-fatter-fattest thin-thinner-thinnesthot-hotter-hottest red-redder-reddestwet-wetter-wettest big-bigger-biggest(6)多音节和部分双音节的词需要在形容词原级前+more构成比较级,+the most构成最高级。 beautiful -more beautiful - the most beautiful . delicious , popular , important , interesting , expensive 双音节的词如careful-more careful -the most careful useful -more useful -the most useful . 少数单音节词也是这样如:pleased-more pleased -the most pleased tired-more tried -the most tired不规则变化:不规则形容词的变化good----better-----best well----better----best bad----worse-----worst many----more----most much----more----most little-----less-----leastfar-----farther , further(表示程度) far-----farthest , furthest(表示远近) few-----fewer-----fewest old-----older----oldest(表新旧,表长老) old-----oldest , eldest(表兄弟姊妹之间的长幼)五、比较级的修饰词:a little, a lot, much, even; far; a great deal 六、练习1、--Our English is very good. ——But my brother learns it much______than I do. A. good B.well C. better D. best【析】在英语中,a little,a lot,much,even等词可以用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级,故本题的正确答 案是C项。 2.Don‘t worry. Your granny will get_______ A.well and well B.better and better C.well and better D.good and well 【析】表示"越来越……" 可以采用" 比较级 +比较级"或"more and more+原级"的结构,如果是 单音节的形容词或副词, 则用前一结构;如果是多音节词,则可以用后一种结构,故本题的正确答案是B。3.China is one of________ in the world. A.the oldest country B.the oldest countries C.much older country D.much older countries 【析】在英语中, 要表示 "其中最……的之一", 应使用"one of+形容词的最高级形式+名词的复数 形式 "。根据题意,本题应选B项。 4.The girl doesn’t run________ the boy. A. much faster as B. as faster as C. more fast than D. so fast as 【析】在英语中,可以使用"as…as"表示"两者在某方面一样";用"not so/as……as"表示"两者在某方面不一样",以上两种结构都必须使用形容词或副词的原级。由以上分析可知本题的D 项最符合题意。 5.LiLei writes ______ of all the students in our class.A. more carefully B. the most careful C. more careful D. most carefully【析】在这道题中,有的学生选B, 只想到了用最高级形式,而忽略了write是实义动词应用副词,也有的学生认为D 的前边应该加the ,这就属于对知识的掌握不够熟练或忘了副词的最高级前边的the 可加可省,所以做题一定要考虑周全,避免会的题失分。答案为D.
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